解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::To ensure their survival, microbial pathogens have evolved diverse strategies to subvert host immune defenses. The human retrovirus HIV-1 has been proposed to hijack the natural endocytic function of dendritic cells (DCs) to infect interacting CD4 T cells in a process termed trans-infection. Although DCs can be direct...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000051
更新日期:2008-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::Virions are thought to contain all the essential proteins that govern virus egress from the host cell and initiation of replication in the target cell. It has been known for some time that influenza virions contain nine viral proteins; however, analyses of other enveloped viruses have revealed that proteins from the h...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000085
更新日期:2008-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::African trypanosomes of the Trypanosoma brucei species are extra-cellular parasites that cause human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) as well as infections in game animals and livestock. Trypanosomes are known to evade the immune response of their mammalian host by continuous antigenic variation of their surface coat. He...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000078
更新日期:2008-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::The disease phenotype of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and the molecular/ biological properties of its prion strain, including the host range and the characteristics of BSE-related disorders, have been extensively studied since its discovery in 1986. In recent years, systematic testing of the brains of cattle...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000075
更新日期:2008-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::The agr quorum-sensing system of Staphylococcus aureus modulates the expression of virulence factors in response to autoinducing peptides (AIPs). Recent studies have suggested a role for the agr system in S. aureus biofilm development, as agr mutants exhibit a high propensity to form biofilms, and cells dispersing fro...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000052
更新日期:2008-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus causes an acute vesicular disease of domesticated and wild ruminants and pigs. Identifying sources of FMD outbreaks is often confounded by incomplete epidemiological evidence and the numerous routes by which virus can spread (movements of infected animals or their products, contamina...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000050
更新日期:2008-04-18 00:00:00
abstract::The macrophage is the primary host cell for the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum during mammalian infections, yet little is known about fungal genes required for intracellular replication in the host. Since the ability to scavenge iron from the host is important for the virulence of most pathogens, we investigat...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000044
更新日期:2008-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonella spp. are Gram-negative enteropathogenic bacteria that infect a variety of vertebrate hosts. Like any other living organism, protein secretion is a fundamental process essential for various aspects of Salmonella biology. Herein we report the identification and characterization of a horizontally acquired, aut...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000036
更新日期:2008-04-04 00:00:00
abstract::The factors that govern the development of tuberculosis disease are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) are more capable of causing disseminated disease than others and may be associated with polymorphisms in host genes responsible for the innate i...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000034
更新日期:2008-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::The opa genes of the Gram negative bacterium Neisseria meningitidis encode Opacity-associated outer membrane proteins whose role is to promote adhesion to the human host tissue during colonisation and invasion. Each meningococcus contains 3-4 opa loci, each of which may be occupied by one of a large number of alleles....
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000020
更新日期:2008-03-14 00:00:00
abstract::Malaria starts with the infection of the liver of the host by Plasmodium sporozoites, the parasite form transmitted by infected mosquitoes. Sporozoites migrate through several hepatocytes by breaching their plasma membranes before finally infecting one with the formation of an internalization vacuole. Migration throug...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000008
更新日期:2008-02-29 00:00:00
abstract::Cells of the innate immune system act in synergy to provide a first line of defense against pathogens. Here we describe that dendritic cells (DCs), matured with viral products or mimics thereof, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), activated natural killer (NK) cells more efficiently than other mature DC preparations. ...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0040027
更新日期:2008-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::Members of the TRIpartite interaction Motif (TRIM) family of E3 ligases have been shown to exhibit antiviral activities. Here we report a near comprehensive screen for antiretroviral activities of 55 TRIM proteins (36 human, 19 mouse). We identified approximately 20 TRIM proteins that, when transiently expressed in HE...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0040016
更新日期:2008-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::Inactivation of host Rho GTPases is a widespread strategy employed by bacterial pathogens to manipulate mammalian cellular functions and avoid immune defenses. Some bacterial toxins mimic eukaryotic Rho GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) to inactivate mammalian GTPases, probably as a result of evolutionary convergence....
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030203
更新日期:2007-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::Laboratory strains of the mouse polyoma virus differ markedly in their abilities to replicate and induce tumors in newborn mice. Major determinants of pathogenicity lie in the sialic binding pocket of the major capsid protein Vp1 and dictate receptor-binding properties of the virus. Substitutions at two sites in Vp1 d...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030179
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycobacterium tuberculosis is sensitive to nitric oxide generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Consequently, to ensure its survival in macrophages, M. tuberculosis inhibits iNOS recruitment to its phagosome by an unknown mechanism. Here we report the mechanism underlying this process, whereby mycobacteri...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030186
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection with equid herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) leads to respiratory disease, abortion, and neurologic disorders in horses. Molecular epidemiology studies have demonstrated that a single nucleotide polymorphism resulting in an amino acid variation of the EHV-1 DNA polymerase (N752/D752) is significantly associated wit...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030160
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein gp120 is a vaccine immunogen that can signal via several cell surface receptors. To investigate whether receptor biology could influence immune responses to gp120, we studied its interaction with human, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) in vi...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030169
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Replication of viroids, small non-protein-coding plant pathogenic RNAs, entails reiterative transcription of their incoming single-stranded circular genomes, to which the (+) polarity is arbitrarily assigned, cleavage of the oligomeric strands of one or both polarities to unit-length, and ligation to circular RNAs. Wh...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030182
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diversity of a highly variable RNA plant virus was considered to determine the range of virulence substitutions, the evolutionary pathways to virulence, and whether intraspecific diversity modulates virulence pathways and propensity. In all, 114 isolates representative of the genetic and geographic diversity of Ri...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030180
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV and other lentiviruses can productively infect nondividing cells, whereas most other retroviruses, such as murine leukemia virus, require cell division for efficient infection. However, the determinants for this phenotype have been controversial. Here, we show that HIV-1 capsid (CA) is involved in facilitating HIV...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030156
更新日期:2007-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::Babesia bovis is an apicomplexan tick-transmitted pathogen of cattle imposing a global risk and severe constraints to livestock health and economic development. The complete genome sequence was undertaken to facilitate vaccine antigen discovery, and to allow for comparative analysis with the related apicomplexan hemop...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030148
更新日期:2007-10-19 00:00:00
abstract::Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A viruses have spread throughout Asia, Europe, and Africa, raising serious worldwide concern about their pandemic potential. Although more than 250 people have been infected with these viruses, with a consequent high rate of mortality, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030133
更新日期:2007-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the mechanisms that help promote protective immune responses to pathogens is a major challenge in biomedical research and an important goal for the design of innovative therapeutic or vaccination strategies. While natural killer (NK) cells can directly contribute to the control of viral replication, whet...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030123
更新日期:2007-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::Interspecific and intervarietal hybridization may contribute to the biological diversity of fungal populations. Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic yeast and the most common fungal cause of meningitis in patients with AIDS. Most patients are infected with either of the two varieties of C. neoformans, designated as...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030114
更新日期:2007-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::The survival and persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis depends on its capacity to manipulate multiple host defense pathways, including the ability to actively inhibit the death by apoptosis of infected host cells. The genetic basis for this anti-apoptotic activity and its implication for mycobacterial virulence ha...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030110
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An unprecedented epidemic of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection recently started in countries of the Indian Ocean area, causing an acute and painful syndrome with strong fever, asthenia, skin rash, polyarthritis, and lethal cases of encephalitis. The basis for chikungunya disease and the tropism of CHIKV remain unkno...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030089
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The obligate intracellular, gram-negative bacterium Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Cpn) has impact as a human pathogen. Little is known about changes in the Cpn transcriptome during its biphasic developmental cycle (the acute infection) and persistence. The latter stage has been linked to chronic diseases. To analyze Cpn C...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030083
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19 to 23 nucleotide-long RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Human cells express several hundred miRNAs which regulate important biological pathways such as development, proliferation, and apoptosis. Recently, 12 miRNA genes have been identified within the genome of Kaposi...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030065
更新日期:2007-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::We report the identification of a novel polyomavirus present in respiratory secretions from human patients with symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection. The virus was initially detected in a nasopharyngeal aspirate from a 3-year-old child from Australia diagnosed with pneumonia. A random library was generated fr...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030064
更新日期:2007-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::Over 200 million people have, and another 600 million are at risk of contracting, schistosomiasis, one of the major neglected tropical diseases. Transmission of this infection, which is caused by helminth parasites of the genus Schistosoma, depends upon the release of parasite eggs from the human host. However, approx...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030052
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The herpesvirus life cycle has two distinct phases: latency and lytic replication. The balance between these two phases is critical for viral pathogenesis. It is believed that cellular signals regulate the switch from latency to lytic replication. To systematically evaluate the cellular signals regulating this reactiv...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030044
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-1 assembly and release are believed to occur at the plasma membrane in most host cells with the exception of primary macrophages, for which exclusive budding at late endosomes has been reported. Here, we applied a novel ultrastructural approach to assess HIV-1 budding in primary macrophages in an immunomarker-inde...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030036
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A defect in the PKA1 gene encoding the catalytic subunit of cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is known to reduce capsule size and attenuate virulence in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Conversely, loss of the PKA regulatory subunit encoded by pkr1 results in overpro...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030042
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic exchange by recombination, or reassortment of genomic segments, has been shown to be an important process in RNA virus evolution, resulting often in important phenotypic changes affecting host range and virulence. However, data from numerous systems indicate that reassortant or recombinant genotypes could be s...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030008
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To replicate, HIV-1 capitalizes on endogenous cellular activation pathways resulting in recruitment of key host transcription factors to its viral enhancer. RNA interference has been a powerful tool for blocking key checkpoints in HIV-1 entry into cells. Here we apply RNA interference to HIV-1 transcription in primary...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0020130
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many biological processes are controlled by intricate networks of transcriptional regulators. With the development of microarray technology, transcriptional changes can be examined at the whole-genome level. However, such analysis often lacks information on the hierarchical relationship between components of a given s...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0020123
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Host cells infected with obligate intracellular bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis are profoundly resistant to diverse apoptotic stimuli. The molecular mechanisms underlying the block in apoptotic signaling of infected cells is not well understood. Here we investigated the molecular mechanism by which apoptosis induced vi...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0020114
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Trypanosoma brucei flagellum is a multifunctional organelle with critical roles in motility, cellular morphogenesis, and cell division. Although motility is thought to be important throughout the trypanosome lifecycle, most studies of flagellum structure and function have been restricted to the procyclic lifecycle...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0020101
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The envelope glycoprotein (Env) complexes of the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV, respectively) mediate viral entry and are a target for neutralizing antibodies. The receptor binding surfaces of Env are in large part sterically occluded or conformationally masked prior to receptor binding. Knowl...
journal_title:PLoS pathogens
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0020083
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00